The number of collector spacecraft is not defined yet, but if it is higher than 2 the nulling technique can more effectively suppress the stellar light and it is also easier to discriminate axis-symmetric emission (e.g., exo-zodiacal dust) from asymmetric emission (e.g., exoplanet). In addition, the total collecting area of LIFE is important as this … Continued
(Taken from here incl. slight modifications) Nulling interferometry is the name given to an instrumental technique based on interference between several telescopes / apertures and aiming at detecting directly exoplanets. The principle is to create a virtual “blind spot” at the exact location of a bright source, a star, in order to reveal the much … Continued
Phase chopping is a calibration technique. In nulling interferometry there are multiple ways how the beams from the various apertures can be combined (even for the same number of apertures (e.g, four) different beam combination schemes are possible). Phase chopping is a special technique that can only be applied in specific beam combination schemes such … Continued
No, strictly speaking, rotating the array may not be absolutely necessary. However, it was shown in the past that such a rotation introduces a temporal modulation of the planet signal that appears to be very robust against instrumental noise effects. This means that the planetary signal can be more easily extracted from the data and … Continued
(see also above “How does nulling interferometry work?”) The term “nulling” refers to the fact that the light of the central star is effectively suppressed (i.e., “nulled”) so that the significantly fainter signals for nearby planets become detectable. Temperate, terrestrial exoplanets are typically 107-108 times fainter at MIR wavelengths than Solar-type stars. Effective nulling is … Continued
While interferometric nulling at mid-infrared wavelength was successfully applied at the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) with the BLINC instrument, the Keck Interferometer Nuller (KIN) and the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) to search for exozodiacal dust disks, thus far no exoplanets were detected using the nulling technique. However, the Hi5 project, currently under development for … Continued
By going to the mid-infrared regime one probes the thermal emission of the exoplanets (in contrast to investigating exoplanets in reflected light, which is done at optical/near-infrared wavelength). For reference: the thermal emission of Earth peaks at a wavelength of roughly ~11 micron. Measuring the thermal emission of an exoplanet provides constraints on its effective … Continued
The required number of apertures for LIFE and their diameter is still being investigated and will depend on the final scientific objectives. Our analyses have shown that in many cases LIFE will be sensitivity limited by background emission from the local zodiacal dust cloud in the Solar System, which is more severe for smaller aperture … Continued
LIFEsim is in continuous development and new features will be regularly added in the coming months. It will be publicly available at https://github.com/fdannert/LIFEsim. At the moment, LIFEsim features the most relevant astrophysical noise sources, such as geometric stellar leakage, thermal background noise from the local zodiacal dust cloud and from exozodi disks, and the shot … Continued
In comparison to including, for instance, a more realistic treatment of instrumental noise, adding another observing mode to LIFEsim that creates mock imaging data has lower priority at the moment. We encourage colleagues interested in science cases requiring an imaging mode for LIFE to create their own back-of-the-envelope estimates for the required sensitivity, spectral resolution … Continued